Valve spring

其功用是保证气门在关闭时能压紧在气门座上，而在运动时使传动件保持相互接触，不致因惯性力的作用而相互脱离，产生冲击和噪声。所以气门弹簧在安装时就有较大的预紧力，同时有较大的刚度。

Its function is to ensure that the valve can be pressed on the valve seat when it is closed, and keep the transmission parts in contact with each other during movement, so as not to separate from each other due to the action of inertial force, resulting in impact and noise. Therefore, the valve spring has greater preload and stiffness during installation.

气门弹簧的材料通常为高碳锰钢、硅锰钢和镍铬钢的钢丝，用冷绕成型后，经热处理而成。为了提高弹簧的疲劳强度，一般用喷丸或喷砂表面处理，气门弹簧的形状多为圆柱形螺旋弹簧。

The material of valve spring is usually high carbon manganese steel, silicon manganese steel and nickel chromium steel wire, which is formed by cold winding and heat treatment. In order to improve the fatigue strength of the spring, shot blasting or sand blasting surface treatment is generally used. The shape of the valve spring is mostly cylindrical coil spring.

气门弹簧在工作时可能发生共振。当气门弹簧的固有振动频率与凸轮轴转速或气门开闭的次数成倍数关系时，就会产生共振。共振会使气门弹簧加速疲劳损坏，配气机构也无法正常工作，因而应尽力防止。

Valve springs may resonate during operation. When the natural vibration frequency of the valve spring is a multiple of the camshaft speed or the number of valve opening and closing, resonance will occur. Resonance will accelerate the fatigue damage of valve spring, and the valve mechanism can not work normally, so every effort should be made to prevent it.

通过增加弹簧刚度来提高固有频率是防止共振的措施之一。但刚度增加，凸轮表面的接触应力加大，使磨损加快，曲轴驱动配气机构所消耗的功也增加。有的内燃机采用变螺距弹簧来防止共振。工作时，弹簧螺距较小的一端逐渐叠合，有效圈数不断减少，因而固有频率也不断增加。这种气门弹簧在安装时，应将螺距较小的一端靠近气门座。

Increasing the natural frequency by increasing the spring stiffness is one of the measures to prevent resonance. However, with the increase of stiffness, the contact stress on the cam surface increases, which speeds up the wear, and the work consumed by the crankshaft driven valve train also increases. Some internal combustion engines use variable pitch springs to prevent resonance. When working, the end with small spring pitch is gradually overlapped, the number of effective turns is decreasing, and the natural frequency is also increasing. When installing this valve spring, the end with smaller pitch should be close to the valve seat.

不少柴油发电机组采用两根气门弹簧来防止共振。内、外两根气门弹簧同心地安装在一个气门们上。采用双弹簧的优点除了可以防止共振外，同时当一根弹簧折断时，另一根还可继续维持工作，不致产生气门落入汽缸的事故。此外，在保证相同弹力的条件下，双弹簧的高度可比一根弹簧的小，因而可降低整机高度。采用双弹簧时，内、外弹簧的螺旋方向应相反，以避免当一根弹簧折断时，折断部分卡入另一根弹簧中。

Many diesel generator sets use two valve springs to prevent resonance. The inner and outer valve springs are concentrically installed on one valve. In addition to preventing resonance, the use of double springs can also keep the other spring working when one spring is broken, so as not to cause the accident that the valve falls into the cylinder. In addition, under the condition of ensuring the same elastic force, the height of the double spring can be smaller than that of one spring, so the height of the whole machine can be reduced. When double springs are used, the spiral direction of the inner and outer springs shall be opposite, so as to avoid that when one spring is broken, the broken part is clamped into the other spring.

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