生物质直接燃烧发电生物质直接燃烧发电技术是指利用生物质燃烧后的热能转化为蒸汽进行发电，在原理上，与燃煤火力发电没有什么区别。其原理是将储藏在生物质中的化学能通过在特定蒸汽锅炉中燃烧转化为高温、高压蒸汽的内能，再通过蒸汽轮机转化为转子的动能，通过发电机转化为清洁高效的电能。直接燃烧发电是将生物质在锅炉中直接燃烧，生产蒸汽带动蒸汽轮机及发电机发电。生物质直接燃烧发电的关键技术包括生物质原料预处理、锅炉防腐、锅炉的原料适用性及燃料效率、蒸汽轮机效率等技术。
Biomass direct combustion power generation technology refers to the use of thermal energy from biomass combustion to convert into steam for power generation. In principle, it is no different from coal-fired power generation. The principle is to convert the chemical energy stored in biomass into internal energy of high-temperature and high-pressure steam through combustion in a specific steam boiler, then convert it into kinetic energy of the rotor through a steam turbine, and convert it into clean and efficient electrical energy through a generator. Direct combustion power generation refers to the direct combustion of biomass in a boiler to produce steam and drive a steam turbine and generator to generate electricity. The key technologies for biomass direct combustion power generation include biomass raw material pretreatment, boiler anti-corrosion, boiler raw material applicability and fuel efficiency, steam turbine efficiency, and other technologies.
生物质气化发电生物质气化发电技术是把生物质转化为可燃气体再利用可燃气体，燃气发电设备进行发电。其原理是将储藏在生物质中的化学能通过在特定气化炉中燃烧转化为可燃气体，再通过燃气机发电系统转化为清洁高效的电能。生物质气化发电技术是指生物质在气化炉中转化为气体燃料，经净化后直接进入燃气机中燃烧发电或者直接进入燃料电池发电。气化发电的关键技术之一是燃气净化，气化出来的燃气都含有一定的杂质，包括灰分、焦炭和焦油等，需经过净化系统把杂质除去，以保证发电设备的正常运行。
Biomass gasification power generation technology is the process of converting biomass into combustible gas and reusing combustible gas to generate electricity through gas powered power generation equipment. The principle is to convert the chemical energy stored in biomass into combustible gas through combustion in a specific gasifier, and then convert it into clean and efficient electricity through a gas turbine power generation system. Biomass gasification power generation technology refers to the conversion of biomass into gas fuel in a gasifier, which is purified and directly burned in a gas engine for power generation or directly fed into a fuel cell for power generation. One of the key technologies for gasification power generation is gas purification. The gasified gas contains certain impurities, including ash, coke, and tar, which need to be removed through a purification system to ensure the normal operation of the power generation equipment.
沼气发电技术是随着沼气综合利用的不断发展而出现的一项沼气利用技术,它将沼气用于发动机上,并装有综合发电装置,以产生电能和热能,是有效利用沼气的一种重要方式。沼气发电是随着沼气综合利用技术的不断发展而出现的一项沼气利用技术，其主要原理是利用工农业或城镇生活中的大量有机废弃物经厌氧发酵处理产生的沼气驱动发电机组发电。用于沼气发电的设备主要为内燃机，一般由柴油机组或者天然气机组改造而成。沼气多产生于污水处理厂、垃圾填埋场、酒厂、食品加工厂、养殖场等。
Biogas power generation technology is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization. It uses biogas in engines and is equipped with comprehensive power generation devices to generate electricity and heat, which is an important way to effectively utilize biogas. Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization technology. Its main principle is to use a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture, or urban life to be anaerobic fermented and produce biogas to drive power generation units. The equipment used for biogas power generation is mainly internal combustion engines, which are generally modified from diesel or natural gas units. Biogas is often produced in sewage treatment plants, landfills, distilleries, food processing plants, and livestock farms.

沼气是在厌氧条件下有机物经多种微生物的分解与转化作用后产生的可燃性气体，属于生物质能的范畴，主要成分是甲烷二氧化碳，其中甲烷含量约为50%～70%，二氧化碳含量为30%～40%（容积比）还有少量的硫化氢、氮、氧、氢等气体，约占总含量的10%～20%。甲烷在空气中与火燃烧，转变为二氧化碳和水，并释放出能量。沼气发酵又称为厌氧消化、厌氧发酵或甲烷发酵，是指有机物质在一定的水分、温度和厌氧条件下，通过种类繁多、数量巨大且功能不同的各类微生物的分解代谢，形成甲烷和二氧化碳等混合性气体（沼气）的复杂生物化学过程。
Biogas is a combustible gas produced by the decomposition and transformation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions by various microorganisms. It belongs to the category of biomass energy and is mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. The methane content is about 50-70%, and the carbon dioxide content is 30-40% (volume ratio). There are also small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and other gases, accounting for about 10-20% of the total content. Methane burns with fire in the air, converting into carbon dioxide and water, and releasing energy. Biogas fermentation, also known as anaerobic digestion, anaerobic fermentation or methane fermentation, refers to the complex biological chemical process in which organic matter forms methane, carbon dioxide and other mixed gases (biogas) under certain water, temperature and anaerobic conditions through the catabolism of various microorganisms with various types, large quantities and different functions.
生物质混合燃烧发电是指将生物质原料应用于燃煤电厂中，使用生物质和煤两种原料进行发电。其原理是将生物质和煤一起在锅炉中燃烧转化为高温、高压蒸汽的内能，再通过蒸汽轮机转化为转子的动能，通过发电机转化电能。生物质和煤混合燃烧技术可分为直接混烧和气化利用两种形式。生物质还可以与煤混合作为燃料发电，称为生物质混合燃烧发电技术。混合燃烧方式主要有两种。一种是生物质直接与煤混合后投入燃烧，该方式对于燃料处理和燃烧设备要求较高，不是所有燃煤发电厂都能采用；一种是生物质气化产生的燃气与煤混合燃烧，这种混合燃烧系统中燃烧，产生的蒸汽一同送入汽轮机发电机组。
Biomass mixed combustion power generation refers to the application of biomass raw materials in coal-fired power plants, using both biomass and coal for power generation. The principle is to burn biomass and coal together in a boiler and convert them into internal energy of high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then converted into kinetic energy of the rotor through a steam turbine, and converted into electrical energy through a generator. The mixed combustion technology of biomass and coal can be divided into two forms: direct mixed combustion and gasification utilization. Biomass can also be mixed with coal as a fuel for power generation, known as biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are two main methods of mixed combustion. One method is to directly mix biomass with coal and put it into combustion. This method requires high requirements for fuel treatment and combustion equipment, and not all coal-fired power plants can adopt it; One type is the mixed combustion of gas and coal generated from biomass gasification. In this mixed combustion system, the generated steam is sent together to the steam turbine generator set.
(1)遵守“以热定电，热电联产”原则。由于该市工业和采暖热负荷较大，根据热负荷特点，并从保证投资效益的角度来考虑，装机方案应在满足近期热负荷需求的基础上，结合该市远期热负荷规模及电力负荷需求的规划来确定，实现热电联产和集中供热的目的。
(1) Adhere to the principle of "electricity determined by heat, cogeneration". Due to the large industrial and heating load in the city, based on the characteristics of the heat load and from the perspective of ensuring investment efficiency, the installation plan should be determined based on meeting the recent heat load demand, combined with the planning of the city's long-term heat load scale and power load demand, to achieve the purpose of cogeneration and centralized heating.
(2)为了保证供热的安全可靠，应尽量使机组的容量和台数趋于合理，以避免在停运大一台机组时对供热产生过大影响。
(2) In order to ensure the safety and reliability of heating, it is necessary to try to make the capacity and number of units more reasonable to avoid excessive impact on heating when a larger unit is shut down.
(3)为提高热电厂的效率，主机设备应选用较高的初参数。
(3) To improve the efficiency of thermal power plants, higher initial parameters should be selected for the main equipment.
3生物质发电未来前景展望
Prospects for the Future of Biomass Power Generation
随着生物质能发电产业竞争的不断加剧，大型生物质能发电企业间并购整合与资本运作日趋频繁，国内优秀的生物质能发电企业愈来愈重视对行业市场的研究，特别是对企业发展环境和客户需求趋势变化的深入研究。正因为如此，一大批国内优秀的生物质能发电企业迅速崛起，逐渐成为生物质能发电产业中的翘楚!
With the continuous intensification of competition in the biomass power generation industry, mergers and acquisitions and capital operations among large biomass power generation enterprises are becoming increasingly frequent. Excellent domestic biomass power generation enterprises are increasingly paying attention to research on the industry market, especially in-depth research on the development environment of enterprises and changes in customer demand trends. Because of this, a large number of excellent domestic biomass power generation enterprises have rapidly risen and gradually become leaders in the biomass power generation industry!
同时，发展生物质发电，实施煤炭替代，可显著减少二氧化碳和二氧化硫排放，产生巨大的环境效益。与传统化石燃料相比，生物质能属于清洁燃料，燃烧后二氧化碳排放属于自然界的碳循环，不形成污染。据测算，运营1台2.5万kW的生物质发电机组，与同类型火电机组相比，可减少二氧化碳排放约10万t/a。前瞻网《2013-2017年生物质能发电行业深度调研与投资战略规划分析报告》预测，到2025年之前，可再生能源中，生物质能发电将占据主导地位。未来，利用生物质再生能源发电已经成为解决能源短缺的重要途径之一。
At the same time, developing biomass power generation and implementing coal substitution can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, generating huge environmental benefits. Compared with traditional fossil fuels, biomass energy is a clean fuel, and carbon dioxide emissions after combustion belong to the carbon cycle of nature, which does not form pollution. According to calculations, operating one 25000 kW biomass power generation unit can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 100000 t/a compared to similar thermal power units. According to the "2013 2017 China Biomass Power Generation Industry Deep Research and Investment Strategy Planning Analysis Report" by Qianfeng Network, biomass power generation will occupy a dominant position in renewable energy by 2025. In the future, utilizing biomass renewable energy for power generation has become one of the important ways to solve energy shortages.